🎬 Watch Full Movie
⚠️ If the video doesn't play, please try refreshing the page or wait a few moments.
🎭 Cast
📋 Movie Information
| Title | Stripped |
|---|---|
| Original Title | Stripped |
| Release Date | 14 May 2013 |
| Runtime | 80 minutes |
| Genres | Kengerian , Cerita Seru , Komedi |
| Director | Mark LaFleur |
| Country | United States of America |
| Rating | ⭐ 3.8 ( 33 votes) |
| Status | Released |
| Budget | $ 20,000 |
